Apoyar a las madres que amamantan es el objetivo de la Semana Mundial de la Lactancia Materna
Como sucede todos los años, del 1 al 7 de agosto se celebra la Semana Mundial de la Lactancia Materna (SMLM) con el objetivo de fomentar esta práctica saludable durante los primeros años de vida de los bebés. El lema de este año será el “Apoyo a las madres que amamantan: ¡cercano, continuo y oportuno!”, que señala la importancia del acompañamiento de los profesionales de la salud, de la comunidad y de los familiares, a las madres que transitan el proceso de lactancia materna.
Según la Alianza Mundial Pro Lactancia Materna (WABA): “La clave para una buena práctica de amamantamiento es tener apoyo cotidiano permanente en la casa y comunidad” y para que esto se cumpla es necesario contar con círculos de apoyo a las madres, como la familia y la red de apoyo social; el sistema de salud; sitios de trabajo y empleo; los gobiernos y legislación; y las respuestas a las crisis o emergencias.
Dentro de estos cinco círculos de apoyo que plantea WABA, la mujer se ubica en el lugar central del proceso –en el círculo interior- , ya que las madres cumplen un papel fundamental durante la lactancia materna, debido a que la presencia o ausencia de apoyo durante el amamantamiento, impacta directamente sobre ellas.
Alrededor de las mujeres que amamantan se encuentran los mencionados círculos de apoyo que son los siguientes:
1) Familias y apoyo social
Compañeros, padres, esposos, familia y amistades cercanas constituyen la red de apoyo más inmediata para las madres. El apoyo social incluye a la comunidad –en mercados, sitios públicos, contextos religiosos, parques vecinales, etc-. El apoyo de la sociedad aumenta la confianza de las mamás en sí mismas y en su capacidad de amamantar más allá de las primeras semanas o meses.
2) Sistemas de salud
Estos incluyen una multitud de oportunidades para apoyar la lactancia materna: cuidado prenatal amigable, acompañamiento durante el parto y nacimiento, servicios post parto y de cuidado post natal, todos ellos para apoyar el apego y la alimentación óptima. El personal de salud capacitado en habilidades de consejería apoya a las mamás antes y después del parto.
3) Sitios de trabajo y empleo
Las mujeres que trabajan enfrentan retos particulares y necesitan apoyo para poder trabajar y amamantar a la vez. Las oportunidades de apoyo dependen de las formas de trabajo pero usualmente involucran la facilitación de contacto madre-bebé, para extraerse y almacenar la leche materna.
4) Gobiernos/Legislación
Las mujeres que planean amamantar o que ya lo están haciendo pueden beneficiarse de los documentos internacionales que protegen la alimentación infantil óptima, y de más y mejor financiados instrumentos como las comisiones nacionales. La legislación que protege contra el agresivo mercadeo de sucedáneos de la leche materna y las licencias pagadas por maternidad también son beneficiosas.
5) Respuestas a crisis o emergencias
Este círculo de apoyo representa la necesidad de apoyo cuando las mujeres se encuentran en una situación inesperada o muy seria que limita su control. Estos momentos requieren planificación y apoyo especial: desastres naturales, campos de refugiados, procedimientos de divorcio, enfermedad crítica de la madre o su bebé o cuando se vive en un área de alta prevalencia de VIH/SIDA sin apoyo a la lactancia.
Actividades por la SMLM 2013
La licenciada en enfermería Delia Bruni, coordinadora del área de Lactancia Materno Infantil del Hospital Urquiza, dijo que para la Semana Mundial de la Lactancia Materna, que comienza el jueves 1 de agosto y finaliza el miércoles 7, están programadas una serie de actividades con las madres que se encuentran internadas en la sala de Maternidad y con las que concurren a los servicios de Pediatría y Neonatología. También está prevista la realización de un taller de capacitación en lactancia para el personal de los centros de salud provinciales y municipales.
“Durante la Semana de la Lactancia Materna vamos a agasajar a las madres con un desayuno especial de chocolate caliente y facturas, les daremos charlas y proyectaremos videos relacionados al tema. También realizaremos una capacitación, como hicimos el año pasado, con el equipo de salud de los centros de salud, a modo de brindarles una mejor preparación para que puedan ayudar a las madres durante el proceso de lactancia”, indicó Bruni.
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